Unforgettable: Nan Khan

Myanmar’s political, economic, and social conditions have deteriorated rapidly following the military attempted coup in February 2021. In the aftermath of the coup, the country’s gross domestic product (GDP) declined significantly. The GDP contracted by 12% in 2021, followed by modest growth of 4% in 2022 and 1% in 2023. However, economic performance weakened again, with GDP declining by 1% in 2024 and a further 2.5% in 2025. These trends indicate that the country’s fundamental economic structures remain fragile and continue to face significant challenges.

The economic decline has been driven by several key factors, including the continued withdrawal of foreign investment, declining public confidence in the banking and financial system, rising inflation, and the intensification of armed conflict. Similarly, unstable trade routes, increased fuel prices, and significant fluctuations in foreign exchange rates have severely affected domestic production and small-scale businesses. As a result, economic activities have been disrupted, livelihoods have deteriorated, and the overall resilience of local economies has weakened.

In addition, the military regime enacted and began enforcing the unlawful conscription law in 2024, prompting many young people to migrate abroad. This development has contributed to a significant loss of human capital, leading to a decline in the domestic labor force, shortages of skilled workers, and further reductions in productivity and economic output.

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