Challenges Faced by the Myanmar Queer Community After the 2024 Conscription Law

Executive Summary

This report examines the profound impacts of Myanmar’s 2024 Conscription Law on the country’s LGBTQIA+ community, a marginalized group already grappling with systemic discrimination, legal vulnerabilities, and societal stigma. Enacted in February 2024, the law mandates military service for eligible individuals, exacerbating the challenges faced by queer individuals in a society deeply rooted in patriarchy and conservative norms. Drawing on data from 101 survey responses and 10 in-depth interviews, the study reveals the multifaceted consequences of the law, including forced conscription, financial extortion, social ostracism, and psychological trauma.

A significant portion of respondents reported experiencing heightened discrimination from officials, family, and community members, often accompanied by financial hardship and displacement. The findings highlight increased risks of violence, insecurity, and exploitation, with many LGBTQIA+ individuals resorting to migration, bribes, or hiding to avoid conscription. The report underscores the urgent need for systemic reforms to address these vulnerabilities and calls for targeted support, legal protections, and advocacy efforts to safeguard the rights and dignity of Myanmar’s queer population. Through a mixed-methods approach, the study provides a comprehensive understanding of the intersecting legal, social, economic, and psychological impacts, presenting evidence-based recommendations for policymakers, international organizations, and advocacy groups to take immediate action.

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